i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

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#include "i2s_audio_speaker.h"
 
#ifdef USE_ESP32
 
#include <driver/gpio.h>
#include <driver/i2s_std.h>
 
#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
#include "esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h"
 
#include "esphome/core/application.h"
#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
#include "esp_timer.h"
 
// esp-audio-libs
#include <gain.h>
 
namespace esphome::i2s_audio {
 
static const char *const TAG = "i2s_audio.speaker";
 
// Software volume control maps the user-facing [0.0, 1.0] range to a Q31 scale factor.
// Volumes in (0.0, 1.0) map linearly to a dB reduction in [-49.0, 0.0] dB.
static constexpr float SOFTWARE_VOLUME_MIN_DB = -49.0f;
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::setup() {
  this->event_group_ = xEventGroupCreate();
 
  if (this->event_group_ == nullptr) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Event group creation failed");
    this->mark_failed();
    return;
  }
 
  // Initialize volume control. When audio_dac is configured, this sets the DAC volume.
  // When no audio_dac is configured, this initializes software volume control.
  this->set_volume(this->volume_);
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::dump_config() {
  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                "Speaker:\n"
                "  Pin: %d\n"
                "  Buffer duration: %" PRIu32,
                static_cast<int8_t>(this->dout_pin_), this->buffer_duration_ms_);
  if (this->timeout_.has_value()) {
    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Timeout: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->timeout_.value());
  }
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::loop() {
  uint32_t event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
 
  if ((event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START) && (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STOPPED)) {
    this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STARTING;
    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START);
  }
 
  // Handle the task's state
  if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING) {
    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting");
    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
  }
  if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING) {
    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Started");
    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
    this->state_ = speaker::STATE_RUNNING;
  }
  if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING) {
    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopping");
    // Lockstep-breaking error bits are latched by the task and cleared along with all other bits
    // when TASK_STOPPED is processed; log them here, exactly once, as the task winds down.
    if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_DROPPED_EVENT) {
      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ISR event queue overflow, restarting speaker task to recover timestamp sync");
    }
    if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_PARTIAL_WRITE) {
      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Partial DMA write broke buffer alignment, restarting speaker task");
    }
    if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_LOCKSTEP_DESYNC) {
      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Event/record queues desynced, restarting speaker task");
    }
    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
    this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPING;
  }
  if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPED) {
    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
 
    vTaskDelete(this->speaker_task_handle_);
    this->speaker_task_handle_ = nullptr;
 
    this->stop_i2s_driver_();
    // ALL_BITS includes COMMAND_START. Take the bits from the clear itself, not from the snapshot at
    // the top of loop(): the audio source's task can raise a start at any point above, including
    // during stop_i2s_driver_(), and nothing would ever re-issue it.
    const EventBits_t bits_before_clear = xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ALL_BITS);
    if (bits_before_clear & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START) {
      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Start requested while stopping; keeping the request");
      xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START);
    }
    this->status_clear_error();
 
    this->on_task_stopped();
 
    this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPED;
  }
 
  if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Speaker task setup failed (allocation, preload, or channel enable)");
    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM);
  }
 
  // Handle the speaker's state
  switch (this->state_) {
    case speaker::STATE_STARTING:
      if (this->status_has_error()) {
        break;
      }
 
      // Still starting up or winding down from a previous run
      if ((this->tx_handle_ != nullptr) || (this->speaker_task_handle_ != nullptr)) {
        break;
      }
 
      if (this->start_i2s_driver(this->audio_stream_info_) != ESP_OK) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Driver failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
        this->status_momentary_error("driver-failure", 1000);
        break;
      }
 
      xTaskCreate(I2SAudioSpeakerBase::speaker_task, "speaker_task", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, TASK_PRIORITY,
                  &this->speaker_task_handle_);
 
      if (this->speaker_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Task failed to start, retrying in 1 second");
        this->status_momentary_error("task-failure", 1000);
        this->stop_i2s_driver_();  // Stops the driver to return the lock; will be reloaded in next attempt
      }
      break;
    case speaker::STATE_RUNNING:   // Intentional fallthrough
    case speaker::STATE_STOPPING:  // Intentional fallthrough
    case speaker::STATE_STOPPED:
      break;
  }
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::set_volume(float volume) {
  this->volume_ = volume;
#ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
  if (this->audio_dac_ != nullptr) {
    if (volume > 0.0f) {
      this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off();
    }
    this->audio_dac_->set_volume(volume);
  } else
#endif  // USE_AUDIO_DAC
  {
    // Fallback to software volume control by using a Q31 fixed point scaling factor.
    // At maximum volume (1.0), set to INT32_MAX to bypass volume processing entirely
    // and avoid any floating-point precision issues that could cause slight volume reduction.
    if (volume >= 1.0f) {
      this->q31_volume_factor_ = INT32_MAX;
    } else if (volume <= 0.0f) {
      this->q31_volume_factor_ = 0;
    } else {
      this->q31_volume_factor_ =
          esp_audio_libs::gain::db_to_q31(remap<float, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, SOFTWARE_VOLUME_MIN_DB, 0.0f));
    }
  }
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::set_mute_state(bool mute_state) {
  this->mute_state_ = mute_state;
#ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
  if (this->audio_dac_) {
    if (mute_state) {
      this->audio_dac_->set_mute_on();
    } else {
      this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off();
    }
  } else
#endif  // USE_AUDIO_DAC
  {
    if (mute_state) {
      // Fallback to software volume control and scale by 0
      this->q31_volume_factor_ = 0;
    } else {
      // Revert to previous volume when unmuting
      this->set_volume(this->volume_);
    }
  }
}
 
size_t I2SAudioSpeakerBase::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
  if (this->is_failed()) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setup failed; cannot play audio");
    return 0;
  }
 
  if (this->state_ != speaker::STATE_RUNNING && this->state_ != speaker::STATE_STARTING) {
    this->start();
  }
 
  if (this->state_ != speaker::STATE_RUNNING) {
    // Unable to write data to a running speaker, so delay the max amount of time so it can get ready
    vTaskDelay(ticks_to_wait);
    ticks_to_wait = 0;
  }
 
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
  if (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING) {
    std::shared_ptr<ring_buffer::RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = this->audio_ring_buffer_.lock();
    if (temp_ring_buffer != nullptr) {
      // The weak_ptr locks successfully only while the speaker task owns the ring buffer, so it is safe to write
      bytes_written = temp_ring_buffer->write_without_replacement((void *) data, length, ticks_to_wait);
    }
  }
 
  return bytes_written;
}
 
bool I2SAudioSpeakerBase::has_buffered_data() const {
  std::shared_ptr<ring_buffer::RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = this->audio_ring_buffer_.lock();
  if (temp_ring_buffer != nullptr) {
    return temp_ring_buffer->available() > 0;
  }
  return false;
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::speaker_task(void *params) {
  I2SAudioSpeakerBase *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeakerBase *) params;
  this_speaker->run_speaker_task();
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::start() {
  if (!this->is_ready() || this->is_failed() || this->status_has_error())
    return;
  if ((this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STARTING) || (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING))
    return;
 
  // Mark STARTING immediately to avoid transient STOPPED observations before loop() processes COMMAND_START.
  this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STARTING;
  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START);
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop() { this->stop_(false); }
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::finish() { this->stop_(true); }
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop_(bool wait_on_empty) {
  if (this->is_failed())
    return;
  if (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STOPPED)
    return;
 
  if (wait_on_empty) {
    xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY);
  } else {
    xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP);
  }
}
 
esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeakerBase::init_i2s_channel_(const i2s_chan_config_t &chan_cfg, const i2s_std_config_t &std_cfg,
                                                 size_t event_queue_size) {
  esp_err_t err = i2s_new_channel(&chan_cfg, &this->tx_handle_, NULL);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "I2S channel allocation failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
    this->parent_->unlock();
    return err;
  }
 
  err = i2s_channel_init_std_mode(this->tx_handle_, &std_cfg);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize I2S channel");
    i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
    this->tx_handle_ = nullptr;
    this->parent_->unlock();
    return err;
  }
 
  if (this->i2s_event_queue_ == nullptr) {
    this->i2s_event_queue_ = xQueueCreate(event_queue_size, sizeof(int64_t));
  } else {
    // Reset queue to clear any stale events from previous task
    xQueueReset(this->i2s_event_queue_);
  }
 
  // Lockstep records queue. One record per in-flight DMA buffer; sized to match the I2S event queue
  // so a fully-saturated DMA pipeline cannot overflow either side before drain.
  if (this->write_records_queue_ == nullptr) {
    this->write_records_queue_ = xQueueCreate(event_queue_size, sizeof(uint32_t));
  } else {
    xQueueReset(this->write_records_queue_);
  }
 
  if (this->i2s_event_queue_ == nullptr || this->write_records_queue_ == nullptr) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate I2S event queue(s)");
    i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
    this->tx_handle_ = nullptr;
    this->parent_->unlock();
    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
  }
 
  return ESP_OK;
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop_i2s_driver_() {
  if (this->tx_handle_ != nullptr) {
    i2s_channel_disable(this->tx_handle_);
    i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
    this->tx_handle_ = nullptr;
 
    // i2s_del_channel() leaves dout wired to this port's data-out signal in the GPIO matrix: it only
    // clears an internal reservation mask, never the esp_rom_gpio_connect_out_signal() routing that
    // setup installed. If another speaker reuses this port (shared bus), its audio still reaches our
    // dout. Detach the pin and drive it low so a stale output stops driving downstream hardware: a
    // SPDIF optical transmitter would otherwise stay lit, and an analog DAC would emit noise.
    gpio_reset_pin(this->dout_pin_);
    gpio_set_direction(this->dout_pin_, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
    gpio_set_level(this->dout_pin_, 0);
  }
  this->parent_->unlock();
}
 
bool IRAM_ATTR I2SAudioSpeakerBase::i2s_on_sent_cb(i2s_chan_handle_t handle, i2s_event_data_t *event, void *user_ctx) {
  int64_t now = esp_timer_get_time();
 
  BaseType_t need_yield1 = pdFALSE;
  BaseType_t need_yield2 = pdFALSE;
  BaseType_t need_yield3 = pdFALSE;
 
  I2SAudioSpeakerBase *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeakerBase *) user_ctx;
 
  if (xQueueIsQueueFullFromISR(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_)) {
    // Queue is full, so discard the oldest event. Once we drop a completion event, ``i2s_event_queue_``
    // and any per-buffer record queue maintained by the task are permanently desynced, so the task
    // must restart to recover. Set both ERR_DROPPED_EVENT (so loop() can log it) and COMMAND_STOP
    // (so the task bails immediately, closing the race where loop() could clear the error bit
    // before the task observes it).
    int64_t dummy;
    xQueueReceiveFromISR(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_, &dummy, &need_yield1);
    xEventGroupSetBitsFromISR(this_speaker->event_group_,
                              SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_DROPPED_EVENT | SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP,
                              &need_yield2);
  }
 
  xQueueSendToBackFromISR(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_, &now, &need_yield3);
 
  return need_yield1 | need_yield2 | need_yield3;
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::apply_software_volume_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read) {
  if (this->q31_volume_factor_ == INT32_MAX) {
    return;  // Max volume, no processing needed
  }
 
  const size_t bytes_per_sample = this->current_stream_info_.samples_to_bytes(1);
  const uint32_t len = bytes_read / bytes_per_sample;
 
  esp_audio_libs::gain::apply(data, data, this->q31_volume_factor_, len, bytes_per_sample);
}
 
void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::swap_esp32_mono_samples_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read) {
#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
  // For ESP32 16-bit mono mode, adjacent samples need to be swapped.
  if (this->output_stream_info_.get_channels() == 1 && this->output_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() == 16) {
    int16_t *samples = reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(data);
    size_t sample_count = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sample_count; i += 2) {
      int16_t tmp = samples[i];
      samples[i] = samples[i + 1];
      samples[i + 1] = tmp;
    }
  }
#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
}
 
}  // namespace esphome::i2s_audio
 
#endif  // USE_ESP32